![]() After synthesis, α2AP is enzymatically modified in the circulation at both the N- and C-terminus, which affects its fibrin-crosslinking and plasmin(ogen) binding capabilities respectively ( 18). Α2AP is primarily synthesized by hepatocytes in the liver and released into the blood ( 16, 17). A ~55 residue long C-terminus (red) (Asn 410-Lys 464 N 410-K 464) of α2AP is important for initial binding with plasmin due to the presence of multiple lysine residues. ![]() Plasmin cleaves at Arg 376-Met 377 bond (R 376-M 377, yellow highlighted, and red arrow) in the reactive center loop to form the inactive complex. The reactive center loop (magenta) protrudes out from the central serpin domain (green) of α2AP. Gln 14 (Q 14) residue of α2AP is cross-linked to fibrin by transglutaminase enzyme, activated factor XIII. The N-terminus (blue) of α2AP is cleaved in the circulation by APCE at the Pro 12-Asn 13 site (P 12-N 13, yellow highlighted and Red arrow) to form Asn 13-α2AP which represents 70% of blood α2AP levels. ![]() α2AP has a central serpin domain and, N- & C-terminal extensions with specific functions. The protein structure of human α2AP was generated by homology modeling using an online I-TASSER server ( 9) based on the crystal structure of mouse α2AP (PDB: 2R9Y) ( 10). However, mutations in the α2AP molecule or monoclonal antibodies against α2AP can change the plasmin-α2AP interaction to an enzyme-substrate reaction (an alternate mechanism of serpin interaction) where active plasmin leaves the complex after cleaving α2AP ( 15).įigure 1. Plasmin then cleaves the reactive center loop of α2AP at Arg 376-Met 377 bond and forms an inactive, covalent complex ( 1– 3, 14). Mechanistically, the C-terminal lysine residues of α2AP initially bind non-covalently to the kringle domains of plasmin to form a 1:1 stoichiometric complex ( 13). Structurally, α2AP is a unique serpin ( Figure 1) with a 12 amino acid N-terminus, a central serpin domain and a C-terminal tail that is ~55-residues long ( 10– 12). α2AP is present in the blood at nearly half the concentration (~1 μM) of its target enzyme precursor, plasminogen (~2 μM) ( 6, 8). ![]() α2AP was first described by three different investigators as the fast-acting inhibitor of plasmin ( 4– 6), who named it differently as α2-plasmin inhibitor ( 5), antiplasmin ( 6) and primary plasmin inhibitor ( 4, 7). Α2AP (also known as α2-plasmin inhibitor, antiplasmin, serpinf2, plasmin inhibitor), is an ultrafast covalent inhibitor of plasmin ( 1– 3) and, is a crucial member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family. In this review, we will discuss the key role played by α2AP in controlling thrombosis and fibrinolysis and, we will consider its potential value as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases and ischemic stroke.Īlpha2-Antiplasmin (α2AP) is the Serpin That Kills Plasmin Recent studies also show that α2AP is required for the development of stasis thrombosis by inhibiting the early activation of effective fibrinolysis. Through these mechanisms and others, α2AP contributes to brain injury, hemorrhage and swelling in experimental ischemic stroke. In addition, α2AP fosters the development of microvascular thrombosis and enhances matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Mechanistic studies in disease models indicate that α2AP stops the body's own fibrinolytic system from dissolving pathologic thrombi that cause venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, arterial thrombosis, and ischemic stroke. Epidemiology studies have shown an association between high α2AP levels and increased risk or poor outcome in cardiovascular diseases. However, studies of humans and mice with genetic deficiency of α2AP have expanded our understanding of this serpin, particularly in disease states.
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In law, it refers to a thing being true from its beginning or from the instant of the act, rather than from when the court declared it so. In other contexts, it often refers to beginner or training courses. ![]() In science, it refers to the first principles. Ab initio mundi means "from the beginning of the world." In literature, it refers to a story told from the beginning rather than in medias res ('from the middle'). I.e., "from the outset," referring to an inquiry or investigation. I.e., "from the beginning" or "from infancy." Incunabula is commonly used in English to refer to the earliest stage or origin of something, and especially to copies of books that predate the spread of the printing press c. The phrase refers to the legal principle that an argument from inconvenience has great weight. Neo-Latin for "based on unsuitability," "from inconvenience," or "from hardship." An argumentum ab inconvenienti is one based on the difficulties involved in pursuing a line of reasoning, and is thus a form of appeal to consequences. I.e., "from the bottom of my heart," "with deepest affection," or "sincerely." Attributed to Julius Caesar. Legal term denoting derivation from an external source, as opposed to a person's self or mind-the latter of which is denoted by ab intra. Ab epistulis was originally the title of the secretarial office in the Roman Empire Regarding or pertaining to correspondence. " from time immemorial," "since the beginning of time." or "from an infinitely remote time in the past") Sometimes used incorrectly to denote something, not from without time, but from a point within time, i.e. g., the universe, that was created from outside of time. Literally, "from the everlasting," "from eternity," or "from outside of time." Philosophically and theologically, it indicates something, e. practiced in a morally/ethically wrong way) cf. I.e., a right is still a right even if it is abused (e.g. The inference of a use from its abuse is not valid The phrase is distinct from reductio ad absurdum, which is usually a valid logical argument. appeal to ridicule) or that another assertion is false because it is absurd. Said of an argument either for a conclusion that rests on the alleged absurdity of an opponent's argument (cf. In everyday speech, it denotes something occurring or being known before the event. In philosophy, used to denote something is supposed without empirical evidence. Used in mathematics and logic to denote something that is known or postulated before a proof has been carried out. ![]() ![]() Presupposed independent of experience the reverse of a posteriori. ![]() In philosophy, used to denote something known from experience. Used in mathematics and logic to denote something that is known after a proof has been carried out. "From possibility to actuality" or "from being possible to being actual".īased on observation, i. I.e., "completely," "from tip to toe," "from head to toe." Equally a capite ad calcem. I.e., "even more so" or "with even stronger reason." Often used to lead from a less certain proposition to a more evident corollary.įrom general to particular "What holds for all X also holds for one particular X." – argument a fortioriĪn inference from smaller to bigger what is forbidden at least is forbidden at more ("If riding a bicycle with two on it is forbidden, riding it with three on it is at least similarly punished.") Thus, an argumentum a contrario ("argument from the contrary") is an argument or proof by contrast or direct opposite.Ī long time ago from Gaius Lucilius, Satires VI, 284 I.e., "on the contrary" or " au contraire". I.e., "from top to bottom," "all the way through," or "from head to toe." See also a pedibus usque ad caput. I.e., "at will" or "at one's pleasure." This phrase, and its Italian ( beneplacito) and Spanish ( beneplácito) derivatives, are synonymous with the more common ad libitum (at pleasure). ![]() ![]() A person who happened to be attending this performance ended up becoming their manager this became the impetus for them to launch a major road tour. In June, they did a one-band show at the Thunder Snake Atsugi live venue for the first time. In April 2003, the band resumed playing with a street show in front of the Hon-Atsugi Station on the Odakyū Odawara Line. Moreover, they made a greater effort to compose more original music and rely less on covers. As their style of music was moving more towards an acoustic focus, they planned to expand their scope to cover not only street performances but live house concerts as well. Again, the band re-formed, but then, they were performing with the intent of supporting their increasing fame. By March 2003, Yoshioka recovered from a slump where she had almost thought of not singing anymore she saw this as a second chance to grow as a person. In September 2000, they suspended the band to focus on college entrance examinations for Yamashita and Mizuno. As they were then performing with three members, the band did a cover of Yuzu's single, "Natsuiro" ( 夏色, "The Colors of Summer" ). Yoshioka was the younger sister of one of their classmates she entered as the main singer and the band took on its present-day form. In those days, Mizuno and Yamashita planned to make a group with a female lead vocalist, which would be an unusual sound for the street performances they were doing. On November 3, 1999, Yoshioka joined the band. At first, they did covers of Masayoshi Yamazaki. Yamashita and Mizuno formed their band on February 1, 1999, and began performing live on the street not taking it too seriously, they named it "ikimono-gakari" after their shared experience in first grade. Yamashita later noted that he really wanted to be a "blackboard monitor". In 1989, Mizuno and Yamashita met by chance while they were in the first grade they were both put in charge of being Ikimonogakari ( いきものがかり), who are caretakers of the school's plants and animals. In June 2021, it was announced that Hotaka Yamashita was leaving the band which would continue as a duo. Yoshioka has contributed lyrics to a few songs, but Namida ga Kieru Nara is the only song on which the three of them have collaborated. Mizuno has the most composed songs among them, while Yamashita ranks second. Their official fan club is named Ikimonogakari Fan Class 1-2 ( いきものがかりファンクラス1年2組,, "Ikimonogakari Fan Kurasu 1-nen 2-kumi" ) ![]() Several of their albums have reached number one on the Oricon weekly rankings, and their songs have been featured on various media: from TV commercials, anime shows such as Naruto Shippuden, Japanese TV Dramas such as Women Won't Allow This ( 「女はそれを許さない」, "Onna wa Sore o Yurusanai" ), live action movies such as Time Traveler: The Girl Who Leapt Through Time (2010) ( 『映画:時をかける少女』 (2010年), "Eiga: Toki o Kakeru Shōjo (2010)" ), the 2012 Olympic broadcast theme song for NHK, and the set piece for a national junior high music competition. In 2006, the group released its first single on Sony Music Entertainment Japan's Epic Records label. The group's name is a reference to ikimono-gakari ( いきものがかり), a group of children who are responsible for looking after plants and animals in Japanese elementary schools. The group started in February 1999 with Hotaka Yamashita and Yoshiki Mizuno, who had known each other since they were six years old, and was joined by vocalist Kiyoe Yoshioka in November of the same year. Ikimonogakari ( いきものがかり) is a Japanese pop rock duo from Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan consisting of Yoshiki Mizuno and Kiyoe Yoshioka. ShareIT/2Checkout/Cleverbridge/Payproglobal are the authorized minor party payment processor of (CDKeys) products. This offer code from Cdkeys is issued by Cdkeys. You can contact with this publisher at to get confirmation about this Hearts of Iron IV 4 Cadet Edition PC offer codes. So, this Hearts of Iron IV 4 Cadet Edition PC coupon discount and linked-coupon are legit and conforming to the Cdkeys rules. We, iVoicesoft are one of partner of Cdkeys. Just only click on Quick link to use coupon to claim our offer of Hearts of Iron IV 4 Cadet Edition PC discount and save your money. 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Each serving consists of about 3/4 cup chop suey over 1/2 cup of brown rice. Add chestnuts and chicken.Īdd broth mixture to skillet and stir constantly, allowing sauce to thicken and coat chicken and vegetables, about 5 minutes. Place remaining 2 tablespoons of oil in skillet and add mushrooms, bok choy, onion and celery, and stir fry for 3 to 5 minutes. Add chicken and stir-fry until no longer pink. Heat 1 tablespoon of oil in large skillet or wok on medium-high heat. ![]() ![]() In a separate bowl, combine remaining soy sauce, chicken broth, cornstarch, oyster sauce, sherry and sugar set aside. Cover and refrigerate at least 2 hours or overnight. Add 2 tablespoons soy sauce and garlic stir to coat the meat. Serves: 8 / Preparation time: 15 minutes (plus marinating time) / Total time: 45 minutes (plus marinating time)ġ pound boneless, skinless chicken breastĤ tablespoons reduced-sodium soy sauce, dividedĢ cups sliced bok choy, whites stalks and greens leavesġ can (8 ounces) sliced water chestnuts, drained and rinsedĤ cups cooked brown rice, prepared without salt or oilĬut chicken breast into strips and place in a bowl. For questions about today’s recipe, call 31. Oyster sauce does not freeze well.ĭarlene Zimmerman is a registered dietitian in Henry Ford Hospital’s Heart & Vascular Institute. If you are using canned sauce, transfer the unused portion to a glass jar with a tight-fitting lid and refrigerate. ![]() Once opened, store bottled sauce in the refrigerator. You’ll find oyster sauce in most major grocery stores in the international foods section. If you’re concerned about your sodium intake, moderation for both of these sauces is a good idea. While that’s a significant amount, 1 tablespoon of soy sauce typically has more than 1,000 milligrams of sodium. Oyster sauce is high in sodium, with one tablespoon containing 400-500 milligrams of sodium. While oyster sauce can serve as a condiment, it’s typically used as flavoring for many meat, poultry and seafood stir-fries, as well as vegetable and noodle dishes. Vegetarians can opt for a comparable oyster sauce prepared from shiitake or oyster mushrooms. Soy sauce, caramelized sugar and cornstarch are often added to achieve the desired taste, color and thickness. Most oyster sauce available today is produced by cooking oysters for a brief period in brine. Interestingly, oyster sauce does not have a fishy taste or smell. As the oysters cooked, the juices began to thicken and caramelize, yielding a dark, rich, somewhat-smoky sweet sauce. Traditionally, the sauce was made by cooking oysters over low heat for a long time. While not as popular as soy sauce, this Asian seasoning adds a rich, savory dimension to many dishes without overpowering their natural flavor. The mild sauce that holds this dish together sometimes features oyster sauce. Although the origins of chop suey are debated, one legend has it that a Chinese ambassador visiting New York City had his cooks invent the dish to satisfy both Chinese and American tastes.Ĭonsisting of meat, chicken or shrimp quickly cooked with vegetables such as cabbage, celery, onion and bean sprouts, chop suey is typically served over rice. ![]() It is said that usually Brahmins/Iyengars prepare the tamarind rice using homemade puliyodharai paste, which is then served in small dhonnai or dried leaf cups as prasadham/prasad for those who visit temples. Believe me, it simply has a very unique taste and flavour. Most of us would have tasted Temple puliyogare (served in temples) and would have wondered how they prepared it. Iyengar Puliyodharai or Temple Puliyodharai or Kovil Puliyodharai is simply Puli Sadam prepared using Puliyodharai paste (puliogare mix). What is Temple Puliyodharai \ Iyengar Puliyodharai? The best one that I have tasted till now is the one from “ Kapaleeshwarar Temple” from Chennai, India. Because these are served as prasadham along with pongal in Temples from South India. Whenever we talk about tamarind rice, the kovil puliyodharai comes to our mind immediately. Iyengar Puliyodharai / Temple PuliyodharaiĪlmost all of the above follow the same procedure except for a few little steps/ingredients.There are a lot of variations of Puliyogare, like: How to Cook Rice Perfectly – Learn to Cook Indian Rice using 2 methods – Pot and Pressure Cooker Essential Indian Spices – A Comprehensive Guide explaining the basics of Indian Spices which are Important for cooking Indian Foods. Essential Indian Cooking Tools – A Complete Guide for setting up basic Indian Equipment for cooking. If you are a beginner or someone who is not sure on how to get started in Indian Cooking, please click on the below links for STEP By STEP GUIDE.ġ. Video Recipe: Temple Puliyodharai/Tamarind Rice/Puliyogare/Pulihora Recipe Homemade/Store-bought Puliyogare Powder 2. Usually, Puliyogare can be prepared in two ways:ġ. This puliogare recipe is a quick fix lunchbox recipe as it needs only a few basic ingredients (mustard, fenugreek, red chilly, channa dal, urad dal, hing, curry leaves) that are commonly used daily in every kitchen.Īlso, it can be prepared within 15-20 mins at the max. This rice recipe is very popular in the South Indian states of Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Tamarind rice or Kokum rice or Pulihora are other common names referred to Puliyogare or puliyodharai. The reason this recipe is called as Puliyogare or Puliyodharai is because it has a dominant flavour of tamarind and has a tangy/sour taste. “ Puli” is a tamil word which stands for Tamarind. 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If return is accepted, a Purchase Return Order Quote will be sent to you via email within 3 working days. Our sales person will then revert back via email to notify about the return application. In case a customer receives a faulty book, (s)he will have to send an email at with the invoice number, item number, quantity and a picture of the faulty book which must be attached to the mail as proof. ![]() Usually all orders are processed and shipped within 1-5 working days.ĮLP will provide its online customers with the possibility to return or exchange faulty books (subject to verification by our staff). Shipment/delivery time of order processing starts from the day the order is placed with. wrong name or shipping address), an extra cost for the re-delivery of the products shall be claimed from the user placing the order. In the event that a non-delivery occurs on account of a mistake by you (i.e. In the event the payment has been processed, the same shall be credited to your account and duly notified to you by email. This shall be regardless of whether the order has been confirmed and/or payment levied. Users shall prohibit from indicating its acceptance to purchase products and services where (s)he does not intend to complete such transactions.Īny order placed for a product that is listed at an incorrect price may be cancelled. Payment will be done via a secure link on the ELP website.Ĭustomers will pay by any credit card issued by the Mauritius Commercial Bank.ĮLP will not be liable if your card has been lost or stolen, leading to no refund, once payment has been made.īy indicating the user’s acceptance to purchase any product or service offered on the website, (s)he is obligated to complete such transactions. 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Reinstating Common Sense: How driver's license suspensions for drug offenses unrelated to driving are falling out of favor Fact sheets about the four states that still suspend driver's licenses for drug offenses unrelated to driving: |